Construction and validation of an educational tool on insulin therapy for adults with diabetes mellitus. / Construção e validação de ferramenta educativa sobre insulinoterapia para adultos com diabetes mellitus.

The insulin therapy used to treat Diabetes Mellitus (DM) lacks educational tools to assist self-care. Thus, we aimed to develop and validate an educational tool for the relationship between glycemic variation and insulin therapy for adults with type 1 and 2 DM. The study was developed in three stages: i) elaboration of the educational tool; ii) validation of content and display by a panel of judges; iii) pre-test with a target audience. Ten judges participated in the second stage, and 12 insulin-dependent adults with type 1 or 2 DM participated in the third stage. The Content Validity Index (CVI) was used to evaluate the adequacy of the material by the judges. The percentages of the agreement by item were calculated for validation by the target audience. The My Treatment Diary (MTD) educational tool was then developed. It obtained a mean CVI of 99.6% and a percentage of agreement of 99%. The results demonstrated that the content and display of the MTD tool were validated and culturally appropriate for the population of adults with type 1 and 2 DM.

A insulinoterapia empregada no tratamento do Diabetes Mellitus (DM) carece de ferramentas educativas que auxiliem a prática de autocuidado. Dessa forma, objetivou-se elaborar e validar uma ferramenta educativa destinada a promover a compreensão da relação entre variação glicêmica e insulinoterapia em adultos com DM1 e DM2. Trata-se de um estudo metodológico desenvolvido em três etapas: i) elaboração da ferramenta educativa; ii) validação de conteúdo e aparência por comitê de juízes; iii) pré-teste com o público-alvo. Participaram da segunda etapa dez juízes e da terceira etapa 12 adultos com DM 1 ou 2, em uso de insulina. Para avaliar a adequação do material educativo pelo comitê de juízes foi utilizado o Índice de Validade de Conteúdo (IVC). Para validação pelo público-alvo foram calculados os percentuais de concordância por itens. Como resultado, desenvolveu-se a ferramenta educativa Meu Diário de Tratamento (MDT), que obteve IVC médio de 99,6% e percentual de concordância de 99%. Conclui-se, portanto, que o conteúdo e a aparência da ferramenta MDT foram validados e adequados culturalmente para a população de adultos com DM tipo 1 e 2.

Construção e validação de ferramenta educativa sobre insulinoterapia para adultos com diabetes mellitus / Construction and validation of an educational tool on insulin therapy for adults with diabetes mellitus

Resumo A insulinoterapia empregada no tratamento do Diabetes Mellitus (DM) carece de ferramentas educativas que auxiliem a prática de autocuidado. Dessa forma, objetivou-se elaborar e validar uma ferramenta educativa destinada a promover a compreensão da relação entre variação glicêmica e insulinoterapia em adultos com DM1 e DM2. Trata-se de um estudo metodológico desenvolvido em três etapas: i) elaboração da ferramenta educativa; ii) validação de conteúdo e aparência por comitê de juízes; iii) pré-teste com o público-alvo. Participaram da segunda etapa dez juízes e da terceira etapa 12 adultos com DM 1 ou 2, em uso de insulina. Para avaliar a adequação do material educativo pelo comitê de juízes foi utilizado o Índice de Validade de Conteúdo (IVC). Para validação pelo público-alvo foram calculados os percentuais de concordância por itens. Como resultado, desenvolveu-se a ferramenta educativa Meu Diário de Tratamento (MDT), que obteve IVC médio de 99,6% e percentual de concordância de 99%. Conclui-se, portanto, que o conteúdo e a aparência da ferramenta MDT foram validados e adequados culturalmente para a população de adultos com DM tipo 1 e 2.

Abstract The insulin therapy used to treat Diabetes Mellitus (DM) lacks educational tools to assist self-care. Thus, we aimed to develop and validate an educational tool for the relationship between glycemic variation and insulin therapy for adults with type 1 and 2 DM. The study was developed in three stages: i) elaboration of the educational tool; ii) validation of content and display by a panel of judges; iii) pre-test with a target audience. Ten judges participated in the second stage, and 12 insulin-dependent adults with type 1 or 2 DM participated in the third stage. The Content Validity Index (CVI) was used to evaluate the adequacy of the material by the judges. The percentages of the agreement by item were calculated for validation by the target audience. The My Treatment Diary (MTD) educational tool was then developed. It obtained a mean CVI of 99.6% and a percentage of agreement of 99%. The results demonstrated that the content and display of the MTD tool were validated and culturally appropriate for the population of adults with type 1 and 2 DM.

Tradução, adaptação cultural e validação do Instrumento de Autoavaliação em Diabetes / Translation, cultural adaptation and validation of the diabetes self-report tool / Traducción, adaptación cultural y validación de la herramienta de autoevaluación de la diabetes

Objetivo: realizar tradução, adaptação cultural e validação do Instrumento de Autoavaliação em Diabetes para aplicação no contexto brasileiro. Métodos: estudo metodológico realizado com 132 profissionais, entre os anos de 2016 e 2018, em seis etapas: 1 - Tradução inicial; 2 - Síntese da tradução; 3 - Retrotradução (back translation); 4 - Avaliação pelo comitê de juízes; 5 - Adequação cultural (pré teste); e 6 - Reprodutibilidade. Houve participação de profissionais de equipes multiprofissionais envolvidas no tratamento do diabetes por meio da plataforma e-surv. Resultados: entre os participantes, predominaram o sexo feminino (73,5%), profissionais com especialização (pós-graduação Lato Sensu) (51,5%) e com experiência na assistência a pessoas com diabetes (84,4%). O Índice de Validade de Conteúdo (IVC) foi satisfatório (0,850). O instrumento apresentou boa consistência interna (Alfa de Cronbach = 0,878). A análise de confiabilidade do instrumento, realizada pelo cálculo do coeficiente de correlação intraclasse (CCI), indicou concordância adequada em todas as medidas, 0,878 (IC 95%: 0,864 - 0,891), com Kappa Ponderado médio de 0,714 e índices acima de 0,60 em 85% os itens, mostrando boa concordância teste e reteste. Conclusão: a versão traduzida e culturalmente adaptada do Instrumento d e Autoavaliação em Diabetes apresentou boa confiabilidade, aceitabilidade e estabilidade temporal satisfatórias conforme os parâmetros internacionais, podendo ser utilizada, pelos profissionais da saúde, para autoavaliação em diabetes.(AU)

Objective: to carry out translation, cultural adaptation, and validation of the Diabetes Self-Report Instrument for application in the Brazilian context. Methods: methodological study carried out with 132 professionals, between 2016 and 2018, in six steps: 1 - Initial translation; 2 - Synthesis of the translation; 3 - Back translation; 4 - Evaluation by the judging committee; 5 - Cultural adequacy (pre-test); and 6 - Reability. There was participation of professionals from multidisciplinary teams involved in the treatment of diabetes through the e-surv platform. Results: among the participants, there was a predominance of females (73.5%), professionals with specialization (Lato sensu postgraduate degree) (51.5%) and with experience in caring for people with diabetes (84.4%). The Content Validity Index (CVI) was satisfactory (0.850). The instrument showed good internal consistency (Cronbach's alpha=0.878). The instrument's reliability analysis, carried out by calculating the intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC), indicated adequate agreement in all measurements, 0.878 (95% CI: 0.864 - 0.891), with mean weighted Kappa of 0.714 and indices above 0. 60 out of 85% of the items, showing good test-retest agreement. Conclusion: the translated and culturally adapted version of the Diabetes Self-report Instrument showed good reliability, acceptability, and satisfactory temporal stability according to international parameters, and can be used by healthcare professionals for self-report of diabetes.(AU)

Objetivo: realizar la traducción, adaptación cultural y validación de la Herramienta de Autoevaluación de Diabetes para aplicación en el contexto brasileño. Métodos: estudio metodológico realizado con 132 profesionales, entre 2016 y 2018, en seis etapas: 1 ­ Traducción inicial; 2 ­ Síntesis de la traducción; 3 ­ Traducción inversa; 4 ­ Evaluación por el comité de jueces; 5 ­ Adecuación cultural (pre-test); y 6 ­ Reproducibilidad. Se contó con la participación de profesionales de equipos multidisciplinarios...(AU)

A validated instrument to assess dentists' knowledge about diabetes: the dental - diabetes questionnaire

Aim: To elaborate and validate an instrument for Brazilian Portuguese speakers, to assess dentists' knowledge about care of patients with diabetes mellitus (Dental-Diabetes). Methods: Methodological study comprising four stages: a) Elaboration of instrument; b) Content validation (computing Content Validity Index - CVI) based on Expert Committee assessment; c) Pre-test with 30 dentists, followed by assessment of suggestions by Expert Committee; d) Psychometric validation through instrument application in a sample of 127 dentists by means of the web tool e-Surv. Cronbach's alpha and intraclass correlation coefficients were used to evaluate, respectively, internal consistency and reproducibility. Results: The final version of the instrument consists of 22 questions (7 on sociodemographic data and 15 querying dentists' knowledge) and those submitted for validation attained a CVI of 0.95 [95% CI 0.916-0,981], showing satisfactory internal consistency, with 0.794 Cronbach's alpha [95% CI 0.741-0.842] and an intraclass correlation coefficient of 0.799 [95% CI: 0.746-0.846] between the test and retest scores. Conclusions: Dental-Diabetes is a comprehensive instrument, culturally adequate and validated to assess dentists' knowledge about care of patients with diabetes

Elaboration and validation of an e-book with the laws about diabetes in schools / Elaboração e validação de um e-book com as leis sobre o diabetes nas escolas

ABSTRACT Objectives: to elaborate an e-book about children and adolescents' rights and duties concerning diabetes in schools. Methods: we developed this methodological study in nine steps: Creation process definition, bibliographic survey, e-book elaboration, readability and apprehensibility examination, illustration, committee of judges and targeted audience validation (students' moms with diabetes and school staff), experts' meetings and final discussion. We have considered acceptable the Content Validity Coefficient minimum of 0.80. Results: we obtained an average Content Validity Coefficient of 0,97 for clarity and relevance, and the images had 94% approval. In the face-to-face test, the targeted audience have considered the material clear and adequate to the intended purpose. Conclusions: the e-book was elaborated and validated regarding the content and relevance, and may be used to instruct the population about diabetes' laws in schools.

RESUMEN Objetivos: elaborar y validar un libro electrónico sobre los derechos y deberes de niños y adolescentes con diabetes en las escuelas. Métodos: es un estudio metodológico desarrollado en nueve etapas: definición del proceso de creación, levantamiento bibliográfico, elaboración del libro digital, cálculo de la legibilidad y percepción, ilustración, validación por el comité de jueces y público objeto (madres de alumnos con diabetes y equipo escolar), reuniones de especialistas y discusión final. Se consideró aceptable el Coeficiente de Validez de Contenido mínimo de 0,80. Resultados: se obtuvo el Coeficiente de Validez de Contenido promedio de 0,97 para claridad y relevancia y las imágenes obtuvieron un 94% de aprobación. En la prueba presencial, el público objeto consideró el material claro y adecuado para la finalidad propuesta. Conclusiones: el libro electrónico fue elaborado y validado según contenido y relevancia, pudiendo utilizarse para instruir a la población sobre las leyes de la diabetes en las escuelas.

RESUMO Objetivos: elaborar e validar um e-book sobre os direitos e deveres de crianças e adolescentes com diabetes nas escolas. Métodos: estudo metodológico, desenvolvido em nove etapas: definição do processo de criação, levantamento bibliográfico, elaboração do e-book, cálculo da legibilidade e apreensibilidade, ilustração, validação pelo comitê de juízes e público-alvo (mães de alunos com diabetes e equipe escolar), reuniões de especialistas e discussão final. Considerou-se aceitável o Coeficiente de Validade de Conteúdo mínimo de 0,80. Resultados: obteve-se o Coeficiente de Validade de Conteúdo médio de 0,97 para clareza e relevância, e as imagens tiveram 94% de aprovação. No teste face a face, o público-alvo considerou o material claro e adequado à finalidade proposta. Conclusões: o e-book foi elaborado e validado quanto a conteúdo e relevância, podendo ser utilizado para instruir a população acerca das leis sobre o diabetes nas escolas.

O aluno com diabetes: avaliação dos pais sobre o ambiente escolar / The student with diabetes: parental assessment of the school environment

Introdução: O diabetes mellitus tipo 1 (DM1) é uma das doenças crônicas mais comuns da infância. O adequado controle do DM1 engloba uma ação multidisciplinar e envolve ambientes nos quais as crianças passam grande parte do tempo do seu dia, as escolas. Objetivos: Identificar a realidade vivenciada pelo aluno com diabetes no ambiente escolar sob a visão dos pais ou responsáveis. Métodos: Aplicado um questionário a 200 pais ou responsáveis por alunos com diabetes matriculados na educação infantil, nos ensinos fundamental e médio de escolas públicas e privadas de Belo Horizonte, compreendidos entre a faixa etária dos quatro aos dezoito anos. Resultados: A escolha da escola pelos pais foi influenciada pelo fato da criança ter diabetes em 16,5% dos casos. Houve negação inicial de matrícula. Foram necessárias explicações sobre o DM1 para os professores em 67,5% dos casos. Para 74,5% dos pais, os professores das escolas envolvidas não possuem o conhecimento necessário sobre diabetes. A maioria das crianças tem a permissão para realizar a glicemia capilar em sala de aula. Cerca de 54,5% dos alunos com diabetes fazem o uso de insulina na escola, entretanto, grande parte delas não oferecem um local específico para tal procedimento. A merenda escolar foi considerada inadequada. Houve relato de bullying. Alguns foram impedidos de participarem de excursões e até mesmo da educação física. Conclusão: Os alunos com DM1 vivenciam uma realidade inadequada no ambiente escolar. A maioria das escolas não está preparada do ponto de vista técnico e estrutural para receber estas crianças.

Introduction: Type 1 diabetes mellitus (DM1) is one of the most common chronic diseases in childhood. Proper control of DM1 encompasses a multidisciplinary action and involves environments in which children spend much of their day, such as schools. Objectives: To identify the reality experienced by students with diabetes in the school environment from the perspective of parents or guardians. Methods: A questionnaire was applied for 200 parents or guardians of students with diabetes enrolled in early childhood education, in the elementary and high schools of public and private schools in Belo Horizonte, in the age group of four to eighteen years. Results: The parents' choice of school was influenced by the fact that the child had diabetes in 16.5% of cases. There was an initial denial of registration on school. Explanations about DM1 were needed for teachers in 67.5% of cases. For 74.5% of parents, school teachers do not have the necessary knowledge about diabetes. Most children are allowed to take capillary blood glucose in the classroom. About 54.5% of students with diabetes use insulin at school, however, in most of them there are not a specific place for such procedure. The school meal was considered inadequate. There was a bullying relationship. Some students were prevented from getting involved in extracurricular activities such as excursions and in physical education. Conclusion: Students with DM1 experience an inadequate reality in the school environment. Most schools are not technically and structurally prepared to receive these children.

Elaboration and validation of an e-book with the laws about diabetes in schools.

OBJECTIVES: to elaborate an e-book about children and adolescents' rights and duties concerning diabetes in schools. METHODS: we developed this methodological study in nine steps: Creation process definition, bibliographic survey, e-book elaboration, readability and apprehensibility examination, illustration, committee of judges and targeted audience validation (students' moms with diabetes and school staff), experts' meetings and final discussion. We have considered acceptable the Content Validity Coefficient minimum of 0.80. RESULTS: we obtained an average Content Validity Coefficient of 0,97 for clarity and relevance, and the images had 94% approval. In the face-to-face test, the targeted audience have considered the material clear and adequate to the intended purpose. Conclusions: the e-book was elaborated and validated regarding the content and relevance, and may be used to instruct the population about diabetes' laws in schools.

A new Brazilian regional scenario of Type 2 diabetes risk in the next ten years.

AIMS: According to a recent national diabetes screening performed by our group in 2018, 18.4% of the Brazilians were found to have high blood glucose. The objective of the present study was to estimate the risk of developing type 2 DM (T2DM) in the next ten years in Brazilian population. METHODS: A cross-sectional study was carried out in community pharmacies across Brazil, in 2018, where pharmacists applied the FINDRISC questionnaire to estimate the population's risk of developing T2DM within a ten-year period. RESULTS: The study included 977 pharmacists from 345 municipalities distributed across the five geographical regions of Brazil. Of the 17,580 people evaluated, the South region was found to have the highest frequency (59.6%) among people at very low and/or low risk of developing T2DM, while the North region, the most underserved, presented the highest and/or very highest T2DM risk (24.1%). The factors that mostly and importantly impacted these regional differences were body mass index; the highest daily consumption of vegetables and fruits; history of high blood glucose and family history of T1DM/T2DM. CONCLUSION: These results showed an impressive change of direction concerning diabetes numbers between the most underserved region in public health care and one of the most developed and best organized regions concerning health assistance, the North and the South, respectively.

Brazilian version of "The Insulin Delivery System Rating Questionnaire": translation, cross-cultural adaptation and validation.

OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to translate and cross-culturally adapt the Insulin Delivery System Rating Questionnaire (IDSRQ) for Brazilian users. Validation and reliability analysis of measures were also performed. METHODS: Methodological study comprising the following stages: forward translation, synthesis, back-translation, assessment by Expert Committee, pre-test and validation. International guidelines for translation and cross-cultural adaptation of measurement tools were followed. Validation data provided information about reliability (internal consistency, test-retest) and construct validity of the IDSRQ. RESULTS: Content validation by Experts' assessment was successful, with a mean Content Validity Index of 0.87 (±0.2). The IDSRQ validation study involved 113 T1DM patients, 46% male, mean age 32.61 (±12.59) years and mean age at diagnosis of diabetes of 17.51 (±12.41). The scale presented good internal consistency (Cronbach's alpha =0.786). The reliability analysis of the instrument was conducted by calculating the Intra-class Correlation Coefficient 0.885 (0.834-0.921), which indicated adequate concordance in all measures. CONCLUSION: The translated and cross-culturally adapted Brazilian Portuguese version of the IDSRQ may be used to assess health-related quality of life (HRQOL) and treatment preferences for insulin delivery systems in T1DM Brazilian patients.

Development and validation of an instrument (CSII - Brazil) to assess users' conceptual and procedural knowledge of continuous subcutaneous infusion systems

ABSTRACT Objective: To develop, adapt and validate an instrument named "CSII - Brazil" to assess users' conceptual and procedural knowledge of continuous subcutaneous insulin infusion systems. Materials and methods: Methodological and exploratory study developed in three stages: a) instrument development; b) content validation and cultural adaptation (evaluation by a committee of experts and pre-test with CSII users); c) psychometric validation through instrument application in a sample of 60 patients by means of the web tool e-Surv. Internal consistency and reproducibility analyses were performed within IBM SPSS Statistics 20 programming environment. Results: The 16 multiple-choice question instrument successfully attained a content validity index of 0.97, showing satisfactory internal consistency, with 0.61 Cronbach's alpha [95% CI 0.462-0.746] and an intraclass correlation coefficient of 0.869 [95% CI: 0.789-0.919] between the test and retest scores. Conclusion: The CSII - Brazil instrument is considered adequate and validated to assess continuous subcutaneous infusion system users' conceptual and procedural knowledge.

Development and validation of an instrument (CSII - Brazil) to assess users' conceptual and procedural knowledge of continuous subcutaneous infusion systems.

OBJECTIVE: To develop, adapt and validate an instrument named "CSII - Brazil" to assess users' conceptual and procedural knowledge of continuous subcutaneous insulin infusion systems. METHODS: Methodological and exploratory study developed in three stages: a) instrument development; b) content validation and cultural adaptation (evaluation by a committee of experts and pre-test with CSII users); c) psychometric validation through instrument application in a sample of 60 patients by means of the web tool e-Surv. Internal consistency and reproducibility analyses were performed within IBM SPSS Statistics 20 programming environment. RESULTS: The 16 multiple-choice question instrument successfully attained a content validity index of 0.97, showing satisfactory internal consistency, with 0.61 Cronbach's alpha [95% CI 0.462-0.746] and an intraclass correlation coefficient of 0.869 [95% CI: 0.789-0.919] between the test and retest scores. CONCLUSION: The CSII - Brazil instrument is considered adequate and validated to assess continuous subcutaneous infusion system users' conceptual and procedural knowledge.

Brazilian version of "The Insulin Delivery System Rating Questionnaire": translation, cross-cultural adaptation and validation

ABSTRACT Objective The aim of this study was to translate and cross-culturally adapt the Insulin Delivery System Rating Questionnaire (IDSRQ) for Brazilian users. Validation and reliability analysis of measures were also performed. Materials and methods Methodological study comprising the following stages: forward translation, synthesis, back-translation, assessment by Expert Committee, pre-test and validation. International guidelines for translation and cross-cultural adaptation of measurement tools were followed. Validation data provided information about reliability (internal consistency, test-retest) and construct validity of the IDSRQ. Results Content validation by Experts' assessment was successful, with a mean Content Validity Index of 0.87 (±0.2). The IDSRQ validation study involved 113 T1DM patients, 46% male, mean age 32.61 (±12.59) years and mean age at diagnosis of diabetes of 17.51 (±12.41). The scale presented good internal consistency (Cronbach's alpha =0.786). The reliability analysis of the instrument was conducted by calculating the Intra-class Correlation Coefficient 0.885 (0.834-0.921), which indicated adequate concordance in all measures. Conclusion The translated and cross-culturally adapted Brazilian Portuguese version of the IDSRQ may be used to assess health-related quality of life (HRQOL) and treatment preferences for insulin delivery systems in T1DM Brazilian patients.

Elaboration and validation of a booklet on diabetes for Community Health Workers.

OBJECTIVES: to develop and validate a diabetes booklet for Community Health Workers. METHODS: methodological study developed in seven steps: Bibliographic review; Development of the booklet; Calculation of readability and comprehensibility scores; Validation of the booklet by the committee of judges; Discussion between experts; Validation of the booklet by the target audience; and Final discussion between experts. Validation was performed by 10 judges via e-Surv and on a face-to-face test with 5 Community Health Workers, considering the minimum Content Validity Coefficient of 0.80. RESULTS: the booklet had a mean Content Validity Coefficient of 0.97 in the validation by the committee of judges, and the images had 96.67% approval. In the face-to-face test, the Community Health Workers considered the material clear and appropriate to the function. CONCLUSIONS: the booklet was developed and validated on its content and relevance, and it can be used by Community Health Workers for diabetes education.

Time in range: a new parameter to evaluate blood glucose control in patients with diabetes.

The International Consensus in Time in Range (TIR) was recently released and defined the concept of the time spent in the target range between 70 and 180 mg/dL while reducing time in hypoglycemia, for patients using Continuous Glucose Monitoring (CGM). TIR was validated as an outcome measures for clinical Trials complementing other components of glycemic control like Blood glucose and HbA1c. The challenge is to implement this practice more widely in countries with a limited health public and private budget as it occurs in Brazil. Could CGM be used intermittently? Could self-monitoring blood glucose obtained at different times of the day, with the amount of data high enough be used? More studies should be done, especially cost-effective studies to help understand the possibility of having sensors and include TIR evaluation in clinical practice nationwide.

Elaboration and validation of a booklet on diabetes for Community Health Workers / Elaboración y validación de una cartilla sobre diabetes para los Agentes Sanitarios / Elaboração e validação de cartilha sobre diabetes para Agentes Comunitários de Saúde

ABSTRACT Objectives: to develop and validate a diabetes booklet for Community Health Workers. Methods: methodological study developed in seven steps: Bibliographic review; Development of the booklet; Calculation of readability and comprehensibility scores; Validation of the booklet by the committee of judges; Discussion between experts; Validation of the booklet by the target audience; and Final discussion between experts. Validation was performed by 10 judges via e-Surv and on a face-to-face test with 5 Community Health Workers, considering the minimum Content Validity Coefficient of 0.80. Results: the booklet had a mean Content Validity Coefficient of 0.97 in the validation by the committee of judges, and the images had 96.67% approval. In the face-to-face test, the Community Health Workers considered the material clear and appropriate to the function. Conclusions: the booklet was developed and validated on its content and relevance, and it can be used by Community Health Workers for diabetes education.

RESUMEN Objetivos: desarrollar y validar una cartilla sobre diabetes para los Agentes Sanitarios. Métodos: se trata de un estudio metodológico desarrollado en siete etapas: Estudio bibliográfico; Preparación de la cartilla; Cálculo de las fórmulas de legibilidad y aprehensibilidad; Validación de la cartilla por el comité de jueces; Discusión entre expertos; Validación de la cartilla por el público objetivo; y Discusión final entre los expertos. Diez jueces realizaron la validación vía e-Surv; y la prueba cara a cara, cinco Agentes Sanitarios, considerando el Coeficiente de Validez de Contenido mínimo de 0,80. Resultados: la cartilla tuvo un Coeficiente de Validez de Contenido promedio de 0,97 en la validación del comité de jueces, y las imágenes obtuvieron el 96,67% de aprobación. En la prueba cara a cara, los Agentes Sanitarios consideraron que el material era claro y apropiado para la función. Conclusiones: la cartilla se diseñó y se validó en cuanto a su contenido y a su relevancia y los Agentes Sanitarios podrán usarla en acciones de educación sobre la diabetes.

RESUMO Objetivos: elaborar e validar uma cartilha sobre diabetes para os Agentes Comunitários de Saúde. Métodos: estudo metodológico desenvolvido em sete etapas: Levantamento bibliográfico; Elaboração da cartilha; Cálculo das fórmulas de legibilidade e apreensibilidade; Validação da cartilha por comitê de juízes; Discussão entre especialistas; Validação da cartilha pelo público-alvo; e Discussão final entre especialistas. A validação foi realizada por 10 juízes via e-Surv; e o teste face a face, por 5 Agentes Comunitários de Saúde, considerando o Coeficiente de Validade de Conteúdo mínimo de 0,80. Resultados: a cartilha teve um Coeficiente de Validade de Conteúdo médio de ٠,٩٧ na validação pelo comitê de juízes, e as imagens tiveram ٩٦,٦٧٪ de aprovação. No teste face a face, os Agentes Comunitários de Saúde consideraram o material claro e adequado à função. Conclusões: a cartilha foi elaborada e validada quanto ao conteúdo e relevância, podendo ser utilizada pelos Agentes Comunitários de Saúde nas ações de educação em diabetes.

Fatores associados ao diabetes mellitus tipo 2 entre trabalhadores de uma empresa pública de Belo Horizonte / Factors associated to type 2 diabetes among employees of a public hospital in Belo Horizonte, Brazil

Introdução: Características ocupacionais têm sido apontadas como fatores de risco adicionais para o desenvolvimento do diabetes mellitus tipo 2 (DM2). Trabalhadores cujas rotinas de trabalho dificultam a adoção de hábitos saudáveis relacionados à alimentação e atividade física podem estar mais vulneráveis a desenvolver esse agravo. Objetivo: Estimar os fatores sociodemográficos, clínicos, ocupacionais e de hábitos de vida associados ao DM2 entre trabalhadores de uma empresa pública de Belo Horizonte. Metodologia: Trata-se de um estudo transversal com 443 trabalhadores de uma empresa hospitalar pública de Belo Horizonte (MG). Foram aplicados questionários envolvendo características sociodemográficas, ocupacionais, juntamente com o Finnish Diabetes Risk Score (FINDRISC) e coletados dados bioquímicos. Para análise dos fatores associados ao diabetes, utilizou-se a regressão logística multivariada, considerando nível de significância de 5%. Resultados: Entre os trabalhadores, 6,3% tinham diagnóstico de diabetes tipo 2 e 13% encontravam- se na faixa de risco alto/muito alto de desenvolver a doença nos próximos 10 anos. Observou-se que as pessoas com idade acima de 54 anos, circunferência da cintura alterada, que usavam medicamentos para hipertensão arterial e que tinham história de diabetes na família apresentaram maior chance de desenvolver a doença em comparação a pessoas com menos de 45 anos, cintura normal, que não usavam medicamento para hipertensão e sem história familiar. Conclusão: A idade avançada, a obesidade abdominal, a hipertensão arterial e a história familiar foram fatores associados ao diagnóstico de diabetes mellitus tipo 2.

Background: Occupational aspects have been described as additional risk factors for type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM2). Workers whose job interferes with healthy eating and physical activity might be more susceptible to disease. Objective: To investigate sociodemographic, clinical, occupational and lifestyle factors associated with DM2 among employees of a public hospital in Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil. Methodology: Cross-sectional study with 443 employees of a public hospital in Belo Horizonte. We administered a sociodemographic and occupational questionnaire and the Finnish Diabetes Risk Score (FINDRISC) and collected biochemical data. We performed multivariate logistic regression analysis to investigate factors associated with diabetes. The significance level was set to 5%. Results: 6.3% of the participants had a diagnosis of DM2 and 13% were found to be at high or very high risk to develop disease within 10 years. Participants aged above 54, with abnormal waist circumference, who took antihypertensive drugs or had family history of diabetes exhibited higher odds of developing disease. Conclusion: Older age, abdominal obesity, hypertension and family history of diabetes were associated with diagnosis of DM2.

Validação do instrumento de avaliação do conhecimento dos agentes comunitários de saúde sobre diabetes / Validation of instrument to assess community health care workers knowledge about diabetes / Validación de un instrumento de evaluación de conocimiento de los agentes comunitarios de salud sobre la diabetes

OBJETIVO: elaborar, adequar culturalmente e validar o "conhecimento dos agentes comunitários de saúde (ACS) sobre diabetes" ­ diabetes-ACS ­ para avaliação do conhecimento dos ACS sobre diabetes mellitus. MÉTODOS: estudo metodológico desenvolvido em três etapas: a) construção do instrumento; b) validação de conteúdo e adequação cultural com médicos de família e ACS, seguidas de avaliação das sugestões por comitê de especialistas; c) validação psicométrica do instrumento a partir de sua aplicação em uma amostra de 102 ACS, por meio da ferramenta e-Surv. As análises de consistência interna e reprodutibilidade foram realizadas no ambiente de programação estatística R. RESULTADOS: o instrumento, constituído de 29 questões de múltipla escolha, apresentou consistência interna satisfatória, com alfa de Cronbach 0,732 (IC 95% 0,652; 0,802) e coeficiente de correlação intraclasse de 0,70 (IC 95% 0,59­0,79), entre os escores do teste e do reteste. CONCLUSÃO: considera-se adequado e validado o instrumento diabetes-ACS para avaliação de agentes comunitários de saúde.(AU)

Objective: to elaborate, adapt and validate the Diabetes knowledge assessment of community healthcare workers ­ Diabetes-CHW ­ to assess CHW knowledge about diabetes mellitus. Methods: methodological study developed in three stages: a) instrument construction; b) content validation and cultural adequacy with family doctors and CHWs, followed by assessment of suggestions by a committee of experts; c) Psychometric validation of the instrument from its application in a sample of 102 CHWs, through the e-Surv webtool. Internal consistency and reproducibility analyses were performed in the R statistical programming environment. Results: the 29 multiple-choice question instrument showed satisfactory internal consistency, with 0.732 Cronbach's alpha (95% CI 0.652; 0.802) and intraclass correlation coefficient of 0.70 (95% CI 0.59­0.79) between the test and retest scores. Conclusion: the diabetesCHW instrument was validated and considered adequate to assess community healthcare workers' knowledge about DM.(AU)

Objetivo: elaborar, adaptar culturalmente y validar el "conocimiento de los agentes de salud comunitarios (ACS) sobre la diabetes" ­ diabetes-ACS ­ para evaluar el conocimiento de los ACS sobre la diabetes mellitus. Métodos: Estudio metodológico desarrollado en tres etapas: a) construcción del instrumento; b) validación de contenido y adecuación cultural con médicos de familia y ACS, seguido de evaluación de sugerencias por parte de un comité de expertos; c) validación psicométrica del...(AU)

Factors associated to type 2 diabetes among employees of a public hospital in Belo Horizonte, Brazil.

BACKGROUND: Occupational aspects have been described as additional risk factors for type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM2). Workers whose job interferes with healthy eating and physical activity might be more susceptible to disease. OBJECTIVE: To investigate sociodemographic, clinical, occupational and lifestyle factors associated with DM2 among employees of a public hospital in Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil. METHODOLOGY: Cross-sectional study with 443 employees of a public hospital in Belo Horizonte. We administered a sociodemographic and occupational questionnaire and the Finnish Diabetes Risk Score (FINDRISC) and collected biochemical data. We performed multivariate logistic regression analysis to investigate factors associated with diabetes. The significance level was set to 5%. RESULTS: 6.3% of the participants had a diagnosis of DM2 and 13% were found to be at high or very high risk to develop disease within 10 years. Participants aged above 54, with abnormal waist circumference, who took antihypertensive drugs or had family history of diabetes exhibited higher odds of developing disease. CONCLUSION: Older age, abdominal obesity, hypertension and family history of diabetes were associated with diagnosis of DM2.

INTRODUÇÃO: Características ocupacionais têm sido apontadas como fatores de risco adicionais para o desenvolvimento do diabetes mellitus tipo 2 (DM2). Trabalhadores cujas rotinas de trabalho dificultam a adoção de hábitos saudáveis relacionados à alimentação e atividade física podem estar mais vulneráveis a desenvolver esse agravo. OBJETIVO: Estimar os fatores sociodemográficos, clínicos, ocupacionais e de hábitos de vida associados ao DM2 entre trabalhadores de uma empresa pública de Belo Horizonte. METODOLOGIA: Trata-se de um estudo transversal com 443 trabalhadores de uma empresa hospitalar pública de Belo Horizonte (MG). Foram aplicados questionários envolvendo características sociodemográficas, ocupacionais, juntamente com o Finnish Diabetes Risk Score (FINDRISC) e coletados dados bioquímicos. Para análise dos fatores associados ao diabetes, utilizou-se a regressão logística multivariada, considerando nível de significância de 5%. RESULTADOS: Entre os trabalhadores, 6,3% tinham diagnóstico de diabetes tipo 2 e 13% encontravam-se na faixa de risco alto/muito alto de desenvolver a doença nos próximos 10 anos. Observou-se que as pessoas com idade acima de 54 anos, circunferência da cintura alterada, que usavam medicamentos para hipertensão arterial e que tinham história de diabetes na família apresentaram maior chance de desenvolver a doença em comparação a pessoas com menos de 45 anos, cintura normal, que não usavam medicamento para hipertensão e sem história familiar. CONCLUSÃO: A idade avançada, a obesidade abdominal, a hipertensão arterial e a história familiar foram fatores associados ao diagnóstico de diabetes mellitus tipo 2.

Type 1 diabetes mellitus: can coaching improve health outcomes?

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the introduction of coaching in the interdisciplinary care of individuals with type 1 diabetes mellitus in the public health care system. SUBJECTS AND METHODS: Ten patients routinely attending a public health care service and with a glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c) level above 75% participated in eight coaching sessions. This study evaluated the patients' self-management of the disease and personal behavior. The participants were assessed at the beginning of the program and on two occasions after the intervention, with evaluation of biochemical and anthropometric data, and frequency of self-monitoring of blood glucose (SMBG). Questionnaires were applied during these evaluations to analyze emotional burden (B-PAID), medication adherence (Morisky Adherence Scale), and self-efficacy (IMDSES). RESULTS: HbA1c had a median level of 8.0% (range 76-10.3%) at the beginning of the study and reduced significantly 3 months after initiation of the intervention (7.78% [6.5-10%], p = 0.028), with no significant increase at 6 months (8.3% [713-9.27%], p = 0.386). SMBG improved significantly from the beginning to the end of the study, with the median number of glucose tests per week varying from 16.5 (range 0-42) at baseline to 29.0 (7-42) at 3 months and 27.5 (10-48) at 6 months (p = 0.047). No significant differences were observed in anthropometric parameters or in the scores of the instruments between the three measurements. CONCLUSION: A coaching intervention focused on patients' values and sense of purpose may provide added benefit to traditional diabetes education programs and could be an auxiliary method to help individuals with type 1 diabetes achieve their treatment goals.

Type 1 diabetes mellitus: can coaching improve health outcomes?

ABSTRACT Objective: To evaluate the introduction of coaching in the interdisciplinary care of individuals with type 1 diabetes mellitus in the public health care system. Subjects and methods: Ten patients routinely attending a public health care service and with a glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c) level above 75% participated in eight coaching sessions. This study evaluated the patients' self-management of the disease and personal behavior. The participants were assessed at the beginning of the program and on two occasions after the intervention, with evaluation of biochemical and anthropometric data, and frequency of self-monitoring of blood glucose (SMBG). Questionnaires were applied during these evaluations to analyze emotional burden (B-PAID), medication adherence (Morisky Adherence Scale), and self-efficacy (IMDSES). Results HbA1c had a median level of 8.0% (range 76-10.3%) at the beginning of the study and reduced significantly 3 months after initiation of the intervention (7.78% [6.5-10%], p = 0.028), with no significant increase at 6 months (8.3% [713-9.27%], p = 0.386). SMBG improved significantly from the beginning to the end of the study, with the median number of glucose tests per week varying from 16.5 (range 0-42) at baseline to 29.0 (7-42) at 3 months and 27.5 (10-48) at 6 months (p = 0.047). No significant differences were observed in anthropometric parameters or in the scores of the instruments between the three measurements. Conclusion: A coaching intervention focused on patients' values and sense of purpose may provide added benefit to traditional diabetes education programs and could be an auxiliary method to help individuals with type 1 diabetes achieve their treatment goals.